{"id":1363,"date":"2020-04-30T20:53:03","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T20:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/bowditchrealestateblog\/?p=1363"},"modified":"2022-05-19T12:48:44","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T16:48:44","slug":"ma-executive-office-of-housing-economic-development-issues-regulations-and-guidance-on-covid-19-eviction-moratorium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/bowditchrealestateblog\/2020\/04\/30\/ma-executive-office-of-housing-economic-development-issues-regulations-and-guidance-on-covid-19-eviction-moratorium\/","title":{"rendered":"MA Executive Office of Housing &#038; Economic Development Issues Regulations and Guidance on COVID-19 Eviction Moratorium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier this month, the Massachusetts legislature passed Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (the \u201cAct\u201d), which imposes a moratorium on certain evictions and foreclosures during the COVID-19 state of emergency.\u00a0 On April 28,<sup>\u00a0<\/sup> the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/regulations\/400-CMR-50-covid-19-emergency-regulations#5-02-definitions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development (\u201cEOHED\u201d) issued regulations implementing the Act<\/a> (See 400 CMR 5.00) (the \u201cRegulations\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>As set out in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/2020\/04\/21\/client-alert-massachusetts-pauses-residential-and-commercial-evictions-and-residential-foreclosures-during-the-covid-19-state-of-emergency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previous alert<\/a>, landlords are currently prohibited from instituting eviction proceedings for residential tenants and certain \u201csmall business units\u201d until the earlier of August 17, 2020 or 45 days from the expiration of the March 10<sup>th<\/sup> state of emergency, which as of today is scheduled to expire on May 18, 2020.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to setting out certain procedures which landlords and tenants must follow, Section 5.03(1) of the Regulations reiterates that all tenants are still responsible to pay rent when due \u201cif and to the extent the tenant has the means to do so.\u201d\u00a0 EOHED has created forms for both tenants and small businesses to demonstrate financial hardship (links to these forms are included in this alert).<\/p>\n<h2>Landlords of Residential Property<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>My tenants just told me they won\u2019t be able to pay\u00a0 rent.\u00a0 What should I do?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Provide residential tenants with written notice of <em>each <\/em>missed payment (the \u201cLandlord\u2019s Non-Payment Letter\u201d).\u00a0 EOHED has not provided a form for landlords\u2019 use, but Section 5.03(2) explicitly requires several statements that the Landlord\u2019s Non-Payment Letter must include and that they be \u201cprominently displayed on the first page\u201d of the letter. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/regulations\/400-CMR-50-covid-19-emergency-regulations#5-02-definitionshttps:\/\/www.mass.gov\/regulations\/400-CMR-50-covid-19-emergency-regulations#5-02-definitions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Those statements are described here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Landlord\u2019s Non-Payment Letter may include other information such as the total balance of rent due, the number of months remaining under the lease, the total remaining lease payments expected if the lease is for a term of years, contact information for the landlord to work out revised payment arrangements and a reminder that the tenant \u201cmay face eviction if rent remains unpaid\u201d after the state of emergency ends.<\/p>\n<p>EOHED provides a form &#8220;Notice and Certification from Residential Tenant Financial Hardship Related to COVID-19 (&#8220;Tenant&#8217;s Hardship Form&#8221;).\u00a0 Further, under Section 5.04(2) of the Regulations, \u00a0a Landlord must provide a tenant a copy of the Tenant&#8217;s Hardship Form within 5 days of the tenant\u2019s request.\u00a0 Therefore, landlords should consider simply including the Tenant\u2019s Hardship Form with the Landlord\u2019s Non-Payment Letter. <strong>Remember that the Landlord\u2019s Non-Payment Letter must be sent every time a tenant misses a payment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>If a landlord knows that a tenant is not proficient in English, they \u201cshould use reasonable efforts to deliver the notice in a language that the tenant understands\u201d and are encouraged to include a statement that the notice is important and should be translated.\u00a0 This statement is available on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/lists\/moratorium-on-evictions-and-foreclosures-forms-and-other-resources#forms,-instructions-and-information-for-landlords\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EOHED website here<\/a>. 400 CMR 5.03(3).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>A tenant just asked me for that Tenant\u2019s Hardship Form.\u00a0 Do I have to give it to her?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yes. As discussed above, if a tenant requests a landlord to provide a copy of the Tenant\u2019s Hardship Form, the landlord must provide it to the tenant within 5 days of the request. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/lists\/moratorium-on-evictions-and-foreclosures-forms-and-other-resources#forms,-instructions-and-information-for-tenants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">You can access the form here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Do tenants have to use the Tenant\u2019s Hardship Form?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No. \u00a0Although EOHED\u2019s website has a form for tenants\u2019 use, tenants are not required to use the form and may use any written notice as long as it \u201cincludes a statement from the tenant that tenant has experienced a financial impact from COVID-19 and states in reasonable detail the cause of such financial impact.\u201d\u00a0 The certification by tenant that is on the EOHED form is deemed to have been included in any alternate written notification.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>What exactly is a \u201cfinancial impact\u201d resulting from COVID-19?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Financial impact is defined as: (a) the loss of income or additional expenses directly or indirectly caused by the pandemic, or as a result of government action related to the pandemic; and (b) is of a magnitude that makes it \u201cimpossible or impractical\u201d for the tenant to pay rent when it is due. 400 CMR 5.02.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Can I charge a late fee?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No. A landlord cannot charge a late fee or report any negative information to a credit bureau as long as the tenant provides written notice that the nonpayment results from a financial impact due to COVID-19.\u00a0 400 CMR 5.04(1).\u00a0 The tenant must provide this notice to the landlord within 30 days of the due date of the missed payment.\u00a0 In order to be able to impose late fees or report the nonpayment to a credit bureau, a landlord must seek a determination from a judge that the tenant\u2019s notice was fraudulent or contained material misrepresentations. 400 CMR 5.04(6).\u00a0 Remember that even in ordinary times (and notwithstanding \u00a0the Regulations), under General Laws chapter 186 section 15B, a landlord cannot impose a late fee on a residential tenant until the rent is overdue by at least 30 days, and only if you have a written lease that specifies such charges.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Can I apply a tenant\u2019s the last month\u2019s rent or security deposit to a missed rent payment?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No.\u00a0 A landlord <strong>cannot<\/strong> use the security deposit.\u00a0 A landlord can, however, use last month\u2019s rent paid by a tenant, but only to pay for expenses related to the tenant&#8217;s unit or the property in which the unit is located, such as mortgage payments, utilities, and property maintenance.\u00a0 400 CMR 5.05(1).\u00a0 Unless the landlord and the tenant agree in writing, the landlord cannot apply the last month\u2019s rent to the tenant\u2019s rent in arrears.\u00a0 Instead, the landlord needs to treat the last month\u2019s rent as if the landlord were still holding it.\u00a0 This essentially allows the landlord to defer the pain of a non-payment to the future.\u00a0 If the landlord wishes to use the last month\u2019s rent, the landlord must notify the tenant in writing that: (a) the landlord used the money before the last month of the tenancy; (b) unless the tenant agrees in writing, the landlord remains obligated to apply the amount to the rent due for the tenant\u2019s last month; and (c) the tenant is entitled to the same interest as if the landlord never touched the deposit.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/lists\/moratorium-on-evictions-and-foreclosures-forms-and-other-resources#forms,-instructions-and-information-for-landlords-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The landlord must use the form on the EOHED website<\/a> and the landlord must send the notice to the tenant no later than 5 business days after the deposit is used.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I used the last month\u2019s rent, and notified the tenant on the right form.\u00a0 The tenant does not want me to credit it towards May\u2019s rent. \u00a0How do I calculate the interest owed to the tenant on money that is not actually in the bank?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If a landlord has other prepaid rent held at the same bank, that landlord should use that interest rate.\u00a0 If there is no other prepaid rent, then the Regulations require that the Landlord calculate the interest using the greater of: (a) the interest rate paid by the bank that was holding the deposit for the month immediately preceding the date landlord used the money; or (b) the rate of interest earned on the tenant\u2019s security deposit during the actual last month of tenancy. 400 CMR 5.05(4).<\/p>\n<h2>Landlords of Small Business Units<\/h2>\n<p><em><strong>Do I have to send a notice to my commercial tenant if they miss a payment?<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>No.\u00a0 The requirement for a Landlord\u2019s Non-Payment Letter is limited to residential dwellings.\u00a0 400 CMR 5.03(2).\u00a0 That said, it is a good practice to send a statement to a commercial tenant outlining the payments due, payments received, and amounts held by the landlord and such a notice could include reference to the resources available to the tenants, similar to the statements required for residential units.<\/p>\n<h2>Tenants<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>I can\u2019t pay my rent.\u00a0 What do I have to do?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fill out and send the Tenant\u2019s Hardship Letter <em>each and every<\/em> time you miss a payment.\u00a0 This must be sent to the landlord within 30 days of the payment due date, but it is a good practice to send it when the rent is due (or even before).\u00a0 For residential units, use \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/lists\/moratorium-on-evictions-and-foreclosures-forms-and-other-resources#forms,-instructions-and-information-for-tenants-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Form of Notice and Documentation \u2013 COVID-19 Hardship \u2013 Residential Tenant<\/a>\u201d.\u00a0 For business units, use both the \u201cForm of Notice\u2013 COVID-19 Hardship \u2013 Small Business Tenant\u201d and the \u201cDocumentation of Financial Hardship &#8211; Small Business Tenant\u201d available at the same link.<\/p>\n<h2>Landlords and Tenants<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>I have to \u201csend notice.\u201d\u00a0 What does that mean?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>All communications regarding any missed rent payments should be in writing and sent to the other party using the address and method specified for notice in your lease, if you have a written lease.\u00a0 If you have previously used other methods of communication with your landlord or tenant, you may send your written communication using that same method or address that is \u201cin accordance with the parties\u2019 prior customs and practice.\u201d 400 CMR 5.04(4).\u00a0 Best practice is to provide notice using both the method and address specified in the lease and via your usual way of communicating.<\/p>\n<p>The Regulations specify that if there are no written notice provisions or \u201cif the landlord has communicated with the tenant via email,\u201d then the last email address used for correspondence between landlord and tenant will be sufficient notice.\u00a0 Alternatively, a tenant may use the address where rent payments are sent as the landlord\u2019s address for notice or the address for the landlord set out in the posting of landlord\u2019s contact information required for all non-resident landlords under 105 CMR 480.481.\u00a0 A landlord may use the address of the leased premises for notice to the tenant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier this month, the Massachusetts legislature passed Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;), which imposes a moratorium on certain evictions and foreclosures during the COVID-19 state of emergency.&nbsp; On April 28,&nbsp; the Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development (&ldquo;EOHED&rdquo;) issued regulations implementing the Act (See 400&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[175,48,24],"tags":[166,169,187,40,92],"class_list":["post-1363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-resources","category-policies","category-property-management","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-evictions","tag-landlords","tag-tenants"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MA Executive Office of Housing &amp; Economic Development Issues Regulations and Guidance on COVID-19 Eviction Moratorium - Commercial Real Estate Insight &amp; News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/bowditchrealestateblog\/2020\/04\/30\/ma-executive-office-of-housing-economic-development-issues-regulations-and-guidance-on-covid-19-eviction-moratorium\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MA Executive Office of Housing &amp; Economic Development Issues Regulations and Guidance on COVID-19 Eviction Moratorium - Commercial Real Estate Insight &amp; News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Earlier this month, the Massachusetts legislature passed Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;), which imposes a moratorium on certain evictions and foreclosures during the COVID-19 state of emergency.&nbsp; 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