{"id":2140,"date":"2023-02-22T15:02:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T20:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/campuscounselnewengland\/?p=2140"},"modified":"2023-02-22T15:02:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T20:02:43","slug":"the-11th-circuit-flushes-away-rights-to-bathroom-access-in-schools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/campuscounselnewengland\/2023\/02\/22\/the-11th-circuit-flushes-away-rights-to-bathroom-access-in-schools\/","title":{"rendered":"The 11th Circuit Flushes Away Rights to Bathroom Access in Schools"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A federal appeals court in Florida recently weighed in on the national debate about bathrooms and gender identity, teeing up the issue for review by the U.S. Supreme Court. In a decision issued in December 2022, the 11<sup>th<\/sup> Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that schools may prohibit transgender students from using the bathroom that corresponds with their gender identity. The plaintiff may now appeal the issue to the Supreme Court which, depending on whether and how it weighs in, may have repercussions for state and local rules surrounding the use of bathrooms nationwide.<\/p>\n<p>The 11<sup>th<\/sup> Circuit Court of Appeals, in <em>Adams v. School Board of St. John\u2019s County<\/em>, held that a public school district did not violate the Equal Protection Clause or Title IX when it prohibited a transgender student from accessing a bathroom that corresponded with their gender identity, as opposed to their biological sex. The plaintiff \u2013 a high school student who identified as male but had originally enrolled in the school district with a biological sex of female \u2013 did have access to a gender-neutral bathroom consistent with the district\u2019s policies but argued that the policy of restricting the non-neutral bathroom amounted to unlawful discrimination based on sex.<\/p>\n<p>In permitting sex-based classification of students into separate bathrooms, the Court credited the school\u2019s rationale that the separation of sexes was related to protecting the privacy of school-age students, who are \u201cstill developing, both emotionally and physically.\u201d The Court also held that drawing distinctions made on gender identity \u2013 i.e., by creating a rule that prohibited students from using the bathroom that was not appropriate for the gender with which they identified \u2013 \u00a0did not equate to a distinction based on sex, relying on Supreme Court precedent from the 1973 case <em>Frontiero v. Richardson<\/em>, which equated sex to race and national origin as \u201can immutable characteristic determined solely by accident of birth,\u201d and not a characteristic that could change over time.<\/p>\n<p>The Court distinguished the case before it from <em>Bostock v. Clayton County<\/em>, the U.S. Supreme Court\u2019s 2020 decision which held that discrimination against transgender or homosexual status is included in Title VII\u2019s language prohibiting sex discrimination in employment. The Court distinguished Title IX, which in this instance applied to \u201cschools and children\u201d from Title VII, which generally applies to the \u201cadult workplace.\u201d Title IX\u2019s statutory language, unlike that of Title VII, includes explicit carve-outs allowing for separation of \u201cliving facilities\u201d based on sex, and that the statutory regulations allow for \u201cseparate toilet, locker room, and shower facilities on the basis of sex\u201d as long as the facilities provided to each sex are comparable. The Court concluded that, in this context, \u201csex\u201d referred to \u201cbiology and reproductive function\u201d and not to gender identity.<\/p>\n<p>The 11<sup>th<\/sup> Circuit\u2019s ruling is in direct opposition to the 4<sup>th<\/sup> Circuit\u2019s 2020 decision in <em>Grimm vs. Gloucester County School Board<\/em>, which held that a Virginia school\u2019s refusal to allow a transgender student to use the bathroom that corresponded with his gender identity violated both the Equal Protection Clause and Title IX. If the Supreme Court takes up the issue, it may follow <em>Grimm<\/em>, and require school districts to allow students to use bathroom facilities consistent with their gender identities, or it may follow <em>Adams<\/em> and allow each district to make its own rules regarding bathrooms and gender identity. In doing so, the Supreme Court will likely, as it did for Title VII in <em>Bostock<\/em>, provide guidance as to whether Title IX\u2019s prohibition on sex discrimination includes discrimination on the basis of gender identity. This could have significant repercussions for schools\u2019 operations and policies related to sex and gender discrimination.<\/p>\n<h2>Client Tip<\/h2>\n<p>Laws of some states require that public bathrooms in those states be available to people based on their gender identity. For example, Massachusetts law explicitly prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender identity and requires that places of public accommodation grant access to bathrooms based on a person\u2019s gender identity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A federal appeals court in Florida recently weighed in on the national debate about bathrooms and gender identity, teeing up the issue for review by the U.S. Supreme Court. In a decision issued in December 2022, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that schools may prohibit transgender students from&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2142,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[24,512],"tags":[514,301,515,516,513,303],"class_list":["post-2140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-discrimination","category-gender-identity","tag-equal-protection-clause","tag-gender-identity","tag-gender-neutral-bathroom","tag-non-neutral-bathroom","tag-school-bathrooms","tag-transgender-students"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The 11th Circuit Flushes Away Rights to Bathroom Access in Schools - Campus Counsel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/campuscounselnewengland\/2023\/02\/22\/the-11th-circuit-flushes-away-rights-to-bathroom-access-in-schools\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 11th Circuit Flushes Away Rights to Bathroom Access in Schools - Campus Counsel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A federal appeals court in Florida recently weighed in on the national debate about bathrooms and gender identity, teeing up the issue for review by the U.S. Supreme Court. 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