{"id":623,"date":"2017-10-10T15:21:07","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T15:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/?p=623"},"modified":"2020-07-31T13:24:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T13:24:30","slug":"attorney-general-reverses-doj-policy-on-protection-of-transgender-employees-under-title-vii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/2017\/10\/10\/attorney-general-reverses-doj-policy-on-protection-of-transgender-employees-under-title-vii\/","title":{"rendered":"Attorney General Reverses DOJ Policy On Protection Of Transgender Employees Under Title VII"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On October 4, Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4067437-Sessions-memo-reversing-gender-identity-civil.html\">memorandum<\/a> to all U.S. Attorneys announcing a new Department of Justice policy that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not protect employees from discrimination based on their transgender status.\u00a0 This announcement reverses prior DOJ policy announced by former Attorney General Eric Holder on December 15, 2014 that Title VII &#8220;encompasses discrimination based on gender identity, including transgender status.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Title VII has become a battleground for LGBTQ rights in recent years, due in no small part to the ambiguity of its wording.\u00a0 As drafted, Title VII makes it unlawful for employers to discriminate in the employment of an individual &#8220;because of such individual&#8217;s . . . sex.&#8221;\u00a0 The law contains no expressly-stated protection for employees based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.\u00a0 Nevertheless, recognizing that discrimination based on an employee&#8217;s sexual orientation or gender identity inherently involves issues of &#8220;sex&#8221; and gender stereotypes, several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/2017\/06\/07\/seventh-circuits-en-banc-decision-in-hively-opens-door-for-transgender-protection-under-title-vii\/\">federal courts<\/a> have ruled that such discrimination is unlawful under Title VII.\u00a0 The federal agency charged with enforcing Title VII, the EEOC, has taken the position since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/decisions\/0120120821%20Macy%20v%20DOJ%20ATF.txt\">2012<\/a> that gender identity discrimination constitutes \u201csex\u201d discrimination under the law, and first ruled that sexual orientation discrimination was prohibited under similar reasoning in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/2015\/07\/29\/eeoc-rules-that-title-vii-includes-protection-from-discrimination-based-on-sexual-orientation\/\">2015<\/a>.\u00a0 After considering the text of Title VII and recent case law, then-Attorney General Holder had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/188671\/download\">concluded<\/a> in 2014 that \u201c[t]he most straightforward reading of Title VII is that discrimination \u2018because of . . . sex\u2019 includes discrimination because an employee\u2019s gender identification is as a member of a particular sex, or because the employee is transitioning, or has transitioned, to another sex.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sessions\u2019 memorandum, by contrast, takes a particularly narrow reading of the law\u2019s language, announcing the position that &#8220;Title VII&#8217;s prohibition on sex discrimination encompasses discrimination between men and women but does not encompass discrimination based on gender identity <em>per se<\/em>, including transgender status.&#8221;\u00a0 In other words, because Congress did not use the words \u201cgender identity\u201d or \u201ctransgender\u201d in the statute, which it could have, its silence on the issue will be interpreted as an intended omission.\u00a0 &#8220;This is a conclusion of law, not policy,&#8221; Sessions states, adding that \u201cthe Department of Justice must interpret Title VII as written by Congress.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Given that the DOJ\u2019s new position runs counter to existing federal court decisions and the policy of the EEOC, it will no doubt face legal challenges in the months to come.\u00a0 The Supreme Court has not yet weighed in on whether \u201csex\u201d discrimination includes gender identity or sexual orientation discrimination, although a 1989 decision in <a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/490\/228\/case.html\">Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins<\/a> may have set the stage by ruling that the ban on \u201csex\u201d discrimination does encompass discrimination against people who fail to conform to gender stereotypes.\u00a0 We will be on the lookout for such a case to hit the high court\u2019s docket in the near future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On October 4, Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a memorandum to all U.S. Attorneys announcing a new Department of Justice policy that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not protect employees from discrimination based on their transgender status.&nbsp; This announcement reverses prior DOJ policy announced by&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[12,13],"tags":[23,31,14,15],"class_list":["post-623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-discrimination","category-employment","tag-discrimination","tag-gender-identity","tag-sexual-orientation","tag-title-vii"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Attorney General Reverses DOJ Policy On Protection Of Transgender Employees Under Title VII - The Case for Inclusion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/2017\/10\/10\/attorney-general-reverses-doj-policy-on-protection-of-transgender-employees-under-title-vii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Attorney General Reverses DOJ Policy On Protection Of Transgender Employees Under Title VII - The Case for Inclusion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On October 4, Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a memorandum to all U.S. Attorneys announcing a new Department of Justice policy that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not protect employees from discrimination based on their transgender status.&nbsp; This announcement reverses prior DOJ policy announced by&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/2017\/10\/10\/attorney-general-reverses-doj-policy-on-protection-of-transgender-employees-under-title-vii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Case for Inclusion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-10-10T15:21:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-31T13:24:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bowditch.com\/diversityinclusionma\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/12\/Blog-Thumb-Policy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"836\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Timothy H. 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